1. Establish a pollution-free vegetable production base Choose a site where the toxic substances contained in the environment such as atmosphere, soil and water sources are not over the standard as the production base. Ensure that the air quality of the farmland in the base meets the GB3095-1996 standard, the farmland water quality meets the GB5084-1992 standard, and the farmland soil quality meets the GB15618-1995 standard. 2. Variety selection Choose the high-yield and high-quality vegetable varieties with strong resistance, disease resistance and insect resistance that are suitable for local protection or open cultivation. 3. Cultivate strong seedlings 3.1 The preparation of nursery bed soil and the disinfection of seedling bed soil should be done without pathogens, eggs, and weed seeds. The bed soil is made of fertile soil, organic
Fertilizer, peat soil, fine sand, etc. The organic fertilizer used in the preparation of bed soil should be fully decomposed and can be used after harmless treatment. Bed soil should choose biological pesticides for disinfection. 3.2 Seed treatment techniques Seeds should be carefully screened and treated before sowing. Seed disinfection is best sterilized by physical methods, such as hot water sterilization. Disinfected seeds should also be soaked and germinated. Different types of vegetable seeds should have different soaking time for germination. During the germination process, the seeds should be turned and rinsed with clean water to wipe the villi and mucus on the seed coat to prevent mildew. 3.3 Timely sowing can be based on different cultivation methods, calendar seedling age of different vegetable species to calculate the sowing time, early spring breeding temperature can be used to raise the ground temperature seedling breeding, electric breeding or nursery. 3.4 Seedling management Early spring nursery should be based on insulation, to prevent the occurrence of frost damage, the latter should be gradually ventilation and cooling, in particular, should control the night temperature, to avoid the phenomenon of seedlings due to the night temperature is too high. Seedlings should always be kept moist and meet the needs of seedlings. 7--10 days before planting, the seedlings were subjected to low-temperature exercise, ventilation was increased, and watering was controlled to enhance the resistance of the seedlings. In summer, nursery should pay attention to the shade, cooling, and rain. 4. Rational rotation of pollution-free vegetable production must be achieved through rational arrangement of gargle, rotation, and appropriate adjustment of the sowing date to try to avoid the high incidence of pests and diseases. 5. Land preparation measures Pollution-free vegetable production requires rational land preparation, scientific fertilization, deep turning before broadcast, whitening of soil, and timely clean-up of pastoral areas. Fertilization should be based on organic base fertilizers, and soil testing and formula fertilization should be carried out. Organic manure should be fully cooked and applied after being treated without pollution. The dosage is 60t/ha. Limited use of chemical fertilizers can be used. Appropriately apply some trace element fertilizers and high-quality foliar fertilizers. However, the application of chemical fertilizer must be completed 30 days before the harvest of the vegetable crop, and the foliar fertilizer is applied 20 days before the harvest. 6. Strengthen field management In the cultivation process, it is necessary to make full use of conditions such as light, heat, and gas. Through the control of environmental conditions, it is necessary to create an environmental condition that is conducive to the growth of vegetables and unfavorable to the occurrence of pests and diseases. Such as the selection of sorghum, ridge size, large ridge double row and other forms of cultivation. Shed room early cultivation to prevent low temperature, high humidity, multi-layer covering and other warming and moisturizing technology, timely addition of carbon dioxide gas fertilizer, increase lighting, and should enhance ventilation and light transmission. The implementation of scientific irrigation, the application of drip irrigation, infiltration and other water-saving irrigation technology. The postponed cultivation of the greenhouse should be cooled in the early high temperature and rainy season, and the cold insulation should be paid attention in the later period. We should strengthen weeding and weeding in order to increase the temperature of the ground, reduce the evaporation of water, and enhance water retention. The cultivation of open vegetables requires time and seedlings, the establishment of seedlings, the strengthening of water management and attention to the rainy season. 7. Pest prevention and control Pest prevention and control of pollution-free vegetables should implement the "Plan prevention-oriented, comprehensive prevention and control" plant protection work policy, strengthen the prediction and forecast of pests and diseases, and comprehensively use agricultural prevention, ecological prevention, biological control, mechanical and physical control and other measures, and auxiliary Take correct chemical control. In the process of chemical control, it is necessary to use pesticides rationally, follow the principle of “strict, accurate, and appropriateâ€, select highly efficient, low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides, and prohibit the use of inefficient, highly toxic, multi-residue, and three-dimensional ( Carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic pesticides. Should pay attention to prevention and control strategies, appropriate prevention and treatment, the right medicine, and strict implementation of pesticide safety interval.
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