Farming: "standardized" life in pig farms

In Japan, Fujitsu has designed a complete production management system for the pig industry. In this system, Fujitsu uses a large number of ear tags with high-capacity high-frequency RFID tags to process past-use paper (on-site investigation records). The curriculum vitae management is electronic. With the introduction of RFID tags, pig farms have the ability to count feed delivery, cases, and medications for each pig. At present, the system for raising cattle is under test. Japan has a clear legal requirement that all cattle farms will use RFID tags to manage them after three years.

RFID tags

pig

Pig Farm

animal

80's pigsty

Entering the office of the original breeding farm in Xinji City, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, we can clearly see the situation of each pig in a pig house from closed-circuit television. This is the same kind of traditional “smell and flies, mosquitoes and flies.” There is a big difference between the scattered pigsty.

Pork is the main content of the vegetable basket, and its supply directly affects the quality of the three meals a day. In May 2007, the prices of live pigs and pork surged suddenly, which was more than twice as high as in 2006. This made many people feel the pressure.

The general explanations for the soaring pork prices are mainly due to the following three reasons: First, feed price increases, pig-raising costs increase; second, periodic fluctuations in live hog prices. After the price of live hog fell sharply in 2006, the farmers eliminated the species. Sows caused a decrease in the supply of piglets and pigs in 2007. Third, there was a serious outbreak of live pigs. In particular, the epidemic of highly pathogenic blue ear disease caused a decrease in the number of live pigs. The combined effect of these three aspects has caused an imbalance in supply and demand of live pigs and increased pork prices.

However, from a deeper perspective, the pig production model is also one of the important factors that have caused pork prices to soar in the transition period. The traditional pig production model is shifting towards modernization and large-scale production. In the initial stage of this transformation, the rural free-ranging households withdrew from the pig-raising industry, and the modern-scale pig raising has not yet been able to keep up in a timely manner, resulting in a decrease in the total pig production. Ultimately, the imbalance between the supply and demand of live pigs caused the price of pork to rise.

The situation is now being reversed on the positive side. After 2007, the national animal husbandry department started from the source, vigorously promoted the standardization of healthy breeding methods, and simultaneously implemented the loose policy of “every pig must be loaned”, and the chain of pig breeding industry was gradually formed with intensive farming and standardized management.

Transfer to scale farming

Dispersed farming by farmers is a kind of pig production method inherited by the working people of our country under the historical conditions of the small-scale farming economy. The vast rural areas still retain thousands of yards of economic production patterns of “a few acres of land, a cow, a few pigs, and a dozen birds”. According to Mr. Hou, a researcher working at a livestock husbandry station in Hebei Province, in his area, free-range farming currently accounts for 66% of pig production, and more than 200,000 rural households in the region raise an average of two or three pigs per household. Rehabilitation of live pigs can reach more than 600,000 heads.

When scale farming has not yet become a climate, free-range farming has become a major source of supply for the live pig meat market. However, courtyard pig production is small in scale, backward in management, high in transaction cost, and unable to withstand the high risks caused by market uncertainties and fluctuations, and therefore cannot meet the development requirements of the modern pig industry.

“The ability of free-standing households to resist market risks is very low,” said Mr. Hou. Market risk generally refers to cyclical price fluctuations in the pig industry. Since the industrialized pig raising, the fluctuation period of China's pig market has been about 3 years, and the fluctuation range is quite large. When the market conditions are good, each pig can earn three to four hundred yuan; when it can be lost, each pig can lose one or two hundred yuan.

In addition, since free-range households generally use idle agricultural and sideline products to feed, what feeds are not standardized and are not scientific, piglets of the same size are raised to slaughter, and free-range households generally use 8 months, which is more than scale farming. The field is two or three months longer. Mr. Hou believes that the longer feeding period will increase the cost of pig farmers. “But if you buy feed for feeding, the cost will be very high due to the small amount of free-living. Once the price of feed goes up, the cost pressure will increase sharply. If the price of live pigs goes down, the pigs actually become a loss-making business. Mr. Hou added.

Who can do it at a loss? At present, the domestic pig industry still lacks sufficient information communication and control mechanisms. The free-range households often rely on their own judgment of market prices and profit levels to decide whether to produce or increase or decrease population. Therefore, when the price of pigs starts to rise in the next cycle, many of the free-range households have no pigs to sell; when the price of pigs falls, their stock is always full.

"Another disadvantage of free-range households is that the disease cannot be prevented from catching up." Mr. Hou said. Because of the small amount, the awareness of the farmers against the disease is not enough, and in addition, the rural areas generally adopt polyculture of livestock and poultry, which can easily cause mutual infection. For example, rabbits and pigs, rabbits can be infected with swine fever virus for a long time without disease, but if you build a rabbit house in the pigsty, rabbits will pass their infected swine fever virus to the pig. Therefore, when the epidemic comes, the most affected is the free-living households.

Since the 1980s, China's pig industry has begun a large-scale transformation. In the early 1980s, large-scale pigs accounted for less than 10% of the country's total number of pigs. After several rounds of ups and downs in the market, peasant households have reduced their share of pigs from more than 90% of the market to about 70% of their current share, and scaled pig raising has increased from less than 10% to 30%. In this process of transformation, many large-scale pig farms were established.

Standardized construction speed

In people's minds, pig farms have always been stinking and flies. However, as soon as he entered the original breeding farm in Xinji City, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, a neat courtyard was seen by reporters. The yard was blooming with red, green grass, and the blooming magnolia swayed in the breeze. Here is the business area of ​​the farm, which is separated from the pig house by only one wall, but does not smell the slightest odor.

“This is a standardized pig farm that has passed the provincial pollution-free certification. The business area, living area and aquaculture area are strictly separated. In fact, there is no odor even in the breeding area because the staff will wash the pig house every day. All the pig manure and urine are flowing into the digester," said Jia Shuliang, director of the office. There are six large-scale biogas digesters on the farm. All of the pig manure is used to produce biogas and resources are realized. No wonder there is no smell.

“Look, the pipe that runs against the wall is a central air conditioner in the ground temperature. The temperature in the pig house can be maintained at 15C to 20C all year round. To ensure pollution-free pig feed can not use additives and hormones, but also regularly check the pig to ensure that each The pigs were healthy and healthy.” Put on a one-time shoe cover, the reporter followed Jia Shuliang and came to a large office where there was closed-circuit television. From the inside, you can clearly see the situation of each pig house. Sows, piglets, and commercial pigs lived in different pig houses, sows were walking leisurely, and piglets lazily slept on the beds covered with plastic nets. All of them seemed comfortable and comfortable.

“With the support and guidance of governments at all levels, now there are more and more standardized pig farms like this.” The person in charge of the Bureau of Livestock, Animal Husbandry and Aquaculture of Shijiazhuang City told reporters that in recent years, the state, provinces, and cities have continued to increase. As for the subsidies for standardized pig farms, Shijiazhuang Municipality has subsidized 67 standard-sized pig farms and subsidized 2.59 million yuan. In 2008, the country also subsidized 107 standardized pig-rearing communities in Shijiazhuang City, subsidizing 25 million yuan in total. In addition, in order to support the development of the aquaculture industry, Shijiazhuang City has also vigorously implemented the sow insurance subsidy system. The five counties and cities in Fucheng City have also obtained state subsidy for live pigs.

In the interview, the reporter learned that, in accordance with the "Standardization of Pig Farm Acceptance Criteria," all pig farms that enjoy subsidies must do "four to four separate." That is, the production area is separated from the living area; the production area is separated from the waste disposal area; the normal pig is separated from the diseased pig; the breeding pig is separated from the commodity pig. The entrance has a vehicle disinfection pool, personnel disinfection room and high-pressure spray guns and Other disinfection facilities; a veterinary room, routine anti-epidemic detection equipment; sewage discharge, manure stacking and harmless treatment facilities; a unified management and service facilities. In addition, the community should establish a unified service organization or cooperative organization, and have full-time anti-epidemic technical personnel; the corresponding manure and sewage treatment facilities must be constructed simultaneously; the green coverage rate of the open areas of newly-built pig-raising districts should not be less than 30%.

Seamless supervision

"It is not only our company's business to feed pigs with feed. The animal husbandry department will also check them often." Huan Shipeng, the person in charge of the pig farm, told reporters with a thick feed usage record that at present they have A strict feed registration system has been established. The material, batch number, and production date of the feed are strictly registered. The same applies to veterinary drugs. Law enforcement officers of the livestock husbandry department conduct spot checks from time to time.

During the interview, the reporter learned that the livestock husbandry department in Shijiazhuang City has been seizing the source and increasing the supervision of the quality and safety of live pigs. It is required that all pig farms must strictly register the inputs used for feeds and veterinary drugs. It is stipulated that the feed and feed additives used on farms must be feed products produced by regular feed manufacturers; self-produced feeds must be formulated in strict accordance with the relevant national requirements; purchases of protein feeds must require a copy of the “Qualification Certificate for Feed Producer Inspection” and The melamine inspection certificate is valid; it is forbidden to add prohibited additives from the feed. Moreover, it is forbidden to add raw materials (including artificial coloring agents) that exceed the standard for harmful substances and feed additives that the country has banned from using. In addition, the feed storage room must be kept clean and tidy, and the rats should be periodically exterminated. The medicine used is a rodenticide that will not cause secondary poisoning.

Not only that, Shijiazhuang City has also implemented a strict anti-epidemic system and a pig farm disinfection system in order to ensure that there are no epidemics of listed live pigs. All farmed pigs must be immunized in strict accordance with the immunization procedures. Immunized pigs should wear immunological ear tags and establish immunization records. When slaughter pigs are sold at slaughter, if there are no immune ear tags and immunization files, the labor inspection department will not issue a certificate of quarantine of the place of origin and it will not be able to be listed and traded.

At the same time, Shijiazhuang City also implemented a system of responsible persons for quality of livestock products and a system of responsible persons for supervision. It stipulated that the person in charge of the farm is the person responsible for quality and safety, must strictly implement the requirements for live pig production, and list all the farms with more than 200 live pigs on the same year. Into the key monitoring units, the implementation of the system of responsible persons for supervision. At present, through the decomposing of layers of responsibility and responsible personnel, a strict pig quality supervision network has been formed in Shijiazhuang City. This not only provides a strong guarantee for the quality and safety of live pigs, but also ensures stable income for pig farmers.

Advanced technology in pig farms

Although domestic pig farms have made tremendous changes in the 60 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, advanced farming and management techniques in developed countries are still worth learning. From them, we can see the future of the development of Chinese aquaculture.

In Japan, Fujitsu has designed a complete production management system for the pig industry. In this system, Fujitsu uses a large number of ear tags with high-capacity high-frequency RFID tags to process past-use paper (on-site investigation records). The curriculum vitae management is electronic. With the introduction of RFID tags, pig farms have the ability to count feed delivery, cases, and medications for each pig. At present, the system for raising cattle is under test. Japan has a clear legal requirement that all cattle farms will use RFID tags to manage them after three years.

Pigs raised with water lilies 60 years ago

An intellectual who participated in the work in the countryside told reporters about his own experience as a keeper: In the fall of 1960, on the first day of work, I deeply felt the “wonderful woman is difficult to have no rice”. Three dozen pigs are fed two times a day, and the feed is the water lotus on the river. Although this water lily is inexhaustible, it is inexhaustible, but the light is used to feed the water lotus. The pig does not grow long and thin like a monkey. The so-called "precision feed" refers to drowning in the dining hall. At that time, people were not enough to eat. Even though the school had 5,000 people for dinner, after the meal, the four buckets at the entrance of the canteen were always empty. In the face of this dilemma, the farm leaders and I are in a hurry.

Later, we decided to try to feed pigs with large manure. The large dung of pigs must be cooked and thoroughly cooked for sterilization. Uncovering the lid, the smell staggered, almost smoldering me back. With this lesson, after the lid was uncovered, I fled to the outside and waited until the stench drifted slightly. I then poured the crushed water lettuce into a cauldron, and then poured “feed” into the pig food. Bad.

The miracle happened. Normally, the pigs rushed into the trough and hunted for food. At this time, the pig pocketed the food trough, and the east sniffed and sniffed. It ran back and hurried back to the “new feed” and “a hunger strike”. After five or six minutes, the pig was only able to walk to the trough lazily. With a big ear, the dung was splattered and the house was full of large dung. Undoubtedly, we failed this attempt.

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