1. Mildew prevention measures
(1) The control of humidity means controlling the moisture in the feed and the relative humidity of the storage environment. The key to anti-mildew measures for cereal feeds is to quickly reduce the water content to a safe moisture level within a short time after harvest. The general grain moisture content is below 13%, corn is below 12.5%, and peanut kernels are below 8%. Fungus is not suitable for breeding. Therefore, this moisture content is called safe moisture. The safe moisture of various feeds is not the same. In addition, the safe moisture is also related to the storage temperature, and the two are negatively correlated.
(2) Controlling temperature When the ambient temperature is controlled below 12°C, mold reproduction and toxin production can be effectively controlled.
(3) Prevent insect bites, rodent pests use mechanical and chemical methods to handle pests stored in the granary, and pay attention to the prevention of rats, because insect pests or rat bite damaged grain pellets to make mold easy to breed and cause mildew.
(4) Application of anti-mould agents The processed feed materials and compound feeds are extremely prone to mildew. Therefore, antifungal agents can be used to control mildew during processing. Common anti-mold agents are extremely salts of organic acids, among which propionic acid is the most widely used salt.
2. Detoxification measures
After the feed is contaminated with mycotoxins, try to destroy or remove the toxins. Common methods are as follows:
(1) Excluding mycotoxin mainly concentrated in moldy, damaged, discolored and insect-infested grains. If these grain grains are picked out, the toxin content can be greatly reduced. The feed is first selected by mechanical or manual methods, the moldy feed is removed, and then the moldy feed is further dried to achieve the purpose of detoxification and mildew resistance.
(2) Heat Treatment For the raw materials of pancakes, 48%-61% of aflatoxin B1 and 32%-40% of Aspergillus flavus can be obtained by baking at 150°C for 30 minutes or by microwave heating for 8-9 minutes. Toxin C1 is destroyed.
(3) Washing method The water-soluble toxin can be removed by repeatedly soaking and rinsing with fresh water. For granular materials such as corn and soybeans, they can be rinsed with fresh water after smashing, or rinsed repeatedly with 2% lime water to remove mycotoxins.
(4) Adsorptive adsorbents such as kaolin and activated carbon can adsorb mycotoxins and reduce their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.
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