The cold and dry climate in winter brings certain difficulties to the feeding and management of broilers, and it is also a frequent occurrence season of many chicken diseases. The broiler breeding and management techniques for winter have been briefly introduced for reference only by peers. 1 Change “Flat-leveling†to “Raise on the Net†Winter weather is cold, and the house is relatively cool. Using ground-level raising tends to make the chicken cold and cause symptoms such as diarrhea, which is not conducive to the control of intestinal diseases, especially E. coli and coccidiosis are difficult to control. The adoption of “online raising†has the advantages of saving litter, reducing the incidence of coccidiosis, E. coli disease, reducing stress, facilitating environmental control, etc., and making the chicken evenly distributed, which is beneficial to growth. Therefore, in the winter, it is best to use plastic shelving on the net. 2. Dealing with the relationship between temperature and ventilation Temperature is the main factor in the growth and development of chickens. Temperature discomfort will reduce the survival rate of chickens, affect growth, and induce chicken disease. The winter brooding room often causes poor ventilation, lack of oxygen within the room, and high concentrations of harmful gases due to the insulation. When the concentration of harmful gases is high, it will stimulate the inflammation of the chicken's respiratory mucosa, causing damage to the chicken's first immune barrier. Viruses and bacteria invade the air sac, prone to air balloon inflammation, pericarditis, peritonitis, etc.; hypoxia can easily induce Broiler Ascites, sudden death and other diseases. Therefore, the relationship between temperature and ventilation must be dealt with to create a suitable temperature and clean environment for the chicks. The temperature of the brooding room in winter and the temperature in the house can be increased by 1~2°C compared with other seasons. It is 1~2°C higher than the daytime during the night, and the temperature can not exceed 2~3°C per week. Ventilation in winter should first increase the temperature of Sheffield 2~3°C before ventilation. When ventilating, select the leeward to open the window, and adopt the method of ventilation in the upper part of the house to prevent cold wind from entering, and the temperature drops too fast. Conditional chicken farms can use heating for heating. 3 Grasp the humidity in the chicken house Because the winter climate is cold and dry, the temperature of the brooding room is high, which often causes the relative humidity at the early stage of brooding to be lower, the humidity during the brooding period is too low, the air in the house is dry, the dust is flying, and the respiratory tract is easy to stimulate. Dry hair, weakened immunity, pathogenic bacteria inhaled with the dust and was inhaled by chicks, damage the respiratory mucosa, resulting in inactivation or detachment of cilia, pathogenic bacteria through the respiratory mucosa into the balloon, susceptible to respiratory diseases and E. coli disease. The humidity in the shed is too small, and the water in the chicks is dissipated in a large amount. The dried fluff is dried, the appetite is decreased, and the thirst is increased, causing the chicks to dehydrate. Therefore, it is also important to control the humidity in the chicken house during the winter. Hang a hygrometer in the brooding room and keep the relative humidity in the brooding room between 60% and 70%. Practice has shown that humidity greater than 80% or less than 40% will have adverse effects on chicken growth. When the humidity is too low, ground watering, air spray, and water basin on the stove can be used to increase the humidity. 4 Focusing on picking young chicks and group picking and group rearing are important factors that ensure the health and growth of chickens. 4.1 picking the first picking should be carried out when the chick reaches the brooding room, pick out the weak chicks, young chicks individually isolated feeding, residual chicks should be eliminated in order to purify the chickens; the second pick in the chicks 6 to 8 Ageing can also be carried out when the chicks are first immunized, and small, poorly growing chicks are isolated and fed separately. 4.2 The gender of male and female broilers reared in different groups differs in their physiological basis. Therefore, their requirements and reactions to the environment, nutrition, and conditions are also different. For example, if the rooster grows fast, and the hen's growth rate is slow, the difference in body weight at 56 days is about 27%; the weight gain of the rooster after 8 weeks of age declines, and the weight gain of the hen at 7 weeks of age declines, according to the economy. Benefits should be slaughtered separately. Therefore, broiler chickens should be reared in groups of males and females. After splitting males and females, the ration levels can be adjusted to improve feed utilization. 5 Immunization and Drug Prevention Winter is a season of high incidence of multiple chicken diseases, so immunizations and drug prevention efforts are essential. Viral infectious diseases are mainly achieved through the vaccination of vaccines for the purpose of prevention; while most of the bacterial diseases and parasitic diseases need regular injections of drugs to achieve preventive purposes. 5.1 Immunization According to the epidemic situation of the local epidemic and the actual situation of the field and the maternal antibody level of the flock, scientifically establish the immunization program, and select a good quality vaccine for immunization. The immunization program can refer to Table 1. Table 1 Broiler Immunization Program Commercial Broiler Immunization Procedures Day 1 Vaccine Immune Mode 1 Newcastle disease, transmission of the second seedling eye, and Newcastle disease-free multivalent oil seedlings are injected subcutaneously in the neck with 8 to 10 bursa of double pods. Dripping nose or 3 times the amount of drinking water 18 Newcastle disease, transmission 2 times seedlings 3 times the amount of drinking water 25 Bursa vaccine multivalent vaccine 3 ~ 4 times the amount of water 32 Newcastle disease IV seedlings 4 times the amount of drinking goods broiler chicken immunization program 2 days old Vaccine immunization method 6~8 Newcastle disease, transmission of secondary seedlings, eye drops, Newcastle Newcastle disease multivalent oil seedlings subcutaneous injection of 12~14 double pocket seedlings of Burnetius, nasal drops or 3 times the amount of drinking water 20~22 Xincheng Epidemic and transmission double vaccine three times the amount of drinking water 28 Bursa vaccine multivalent vaccine 3 to 4 times the amount of water 35 Newcastle disease IV system seedlings 4 times the amount of drinking water Note: 1, the above two kinds of immunization procedures apply only to healthy chickens: When the flock is subjected to intense stress or morbidity, immunization is delayed. 2. The vaccine used for the first immunization must use its attenuated vaccine. For example, vaccination with a dose of more than toxic or toxic can cause serious immunization reactions and even lead to the onset of chickens. 3. Disable all antiseptic drugs and antiviral drugs and certain drugs that suppress immunity, such as gentamicin, chloramphenicol, chlortetracycline, etc., for three days before and after immunization. 4. Three days before and after immunization, “Imextracted Relieve + Kechuanling†can be added to improve immunity. 5. Clinical practice has proven that "Hushukang + Kechuanling" can effectively control the respiratory symptoms caused by the vaccine reaction, and can be applied 4 to 5 days after the two days of immunization. 6, during the immunization, pay close attention to coccidiosis, infectious bursal disease, mycoplasma disease, E. coli disease. 5.2 Drug Prevention First of all, it is necessary to understand the susceptibility to morbidity at each stage of the winter broiler chickens, and combine the vaccine immunization program with reasonable and timely dose prevention. The use of Yangilofloxacin to prevent vertical infection of mycoplasmosis and E. coli disease in 1 to 5 days of age can effectively sterilize chickens; it should be administered in stages at 10, 20, 30 and 40 days to prevent coccidiosis Disease; The age of onset of E. coli disease is mostly concentrated on 18 to 25 days of age and 32 to 40 days of age, and sensitive drugs of E. coli should be added in a timely manner for prevention; broilers will have different degrees of renal swelling after 25 days of age. , Shen Bao and other renal detoxification drugs can be put into phase 25, 35, and 45 days of age to prevent. Winter is the season of high incidence of mycoplasma disease. Attention should be paid to medication control. It can be administered in 10 to 15 days, 25 to 30 days, and 35 to 40 days. 6 Pay attention to the feeding and management during the breeding period First, pay attention to the warming-off time. Because of the cold weather in winter and premature de-warm, the heat emitted by the chicken body itself cannot meet the needs, affecting growth and development and easily triggering the occurrence of chicken disease. Therefore, in the winter, it is necessary to determine the temperature of the flock according to the changes in the weather and the health status of the flock. It is generally warmed after 35 days of age. The second is to improve the environmental sanitation in the chicken house. After the broilers enter the breeding period, their feed intake and drinking water will gradually increase. Chicken excreta will also increase gradually. The resulting environmental pollution will be more serious. Therefore, it is necessary to remove the excrement and litter in time and do a good job of sanitation and disinfection. Antibacterial, virus presence and reproduction in large numbers pose a threat to chicken populations. 7 Reduce stress factors in daily management such as transfer, immunization, light, noise, harmful gases, drinking water temperature, refueling, etc. Author: Wang Hongpeng 1, Zhang Lanxiang 2, 3 Domingo, Wei Xiang Act 1, Gong Qingliang 1 (1. Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of poultry veterinary medicine factory, Jinan 250023, China; 2 Wulian County, Shandong Provincial Animal Husbandry Bureau 3. Kang Gaomi Town People's Government Broiler Production Office)
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