1. Select the cultivation season generally choose spring and autumn seasoned cultivation. The spring should be earlier, and February-March is better; the fall should be later and the October-November period is more appropriate. The ear-production period should try to avoid the season of high temperature and high humidity, so as to reduce the damage caused by bacteria and insect pests. 2. Preparation of formula 1 for culture medium: 78% of mixed wood chips, 20% of wheat bran or rice bran, 1% of sugar, and 1% of calcium carbonate. Formula 2: cottonseed hull culture material 80% cotton seed hull, 17% wheat husk or rice bran, 1% sugar, 0.5% superphosphate, 1.5% gypsum powder. Formulation 3: Straw culture material straw (cut or crush) 60%, mixed wood chips 16%, oatmeal or rice bran 20%, sugar 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%, gypsum powder 1.2%, magnesium sulfate 0.2%, calcium nitrate 0.1%, lime 0.5%. Formulation 4: Sugarcane bagasse 87% of bagasse, 10% of wheat bran or rice bran, 1% sugar, 0.5% urea, 0.5% superphosphate, 1% gypsum powder. Formulation 5: thatch cultured material thatch powder 80%, wheat husk or rice bran 16%, sugar 1.2%, calcium superphosphate 1%, gypsum powder 1.5%, magnesium sulfate 0.3%. 3. Cultivation method The bottle cultivation method uses a 500 ml can bottle or strainer bottle. The culture material is mixed with water according to the above formula and mixed well. The water content is 60-65%. After the bottle is filled, the middle hole is played to the bottom of the bottle. The inner layer of the bottle mouth is sealed with a plastic film and the outer layer is wrapped with kraft paper. Sterilization, inoculation according to conventional methods, home culture at 22-25 °C, 30-35 days, the mycelium can fill the entire bottle. When the mycelium grows over the bottle, remove the lid from the bottle and use a knife to dig out the small pieces of the pellicle and form a “Δ†shape with a diameter of 1 cm. Then apply a layer of lime with a brush or on the film of the bottle mouth. Use a brush to draw a "well" shaped black line with a line width of 1-1.5 cm. The black line is not eared. The treated bacteria bottles are then placed on a rack to raise ears. The temperature is controlled at about 20°C and the humidity is maintained at 90% or more. The primordium occurs until it grows into small ear buds, which takes about 4-7 days. At this time, because the ear piece is small, the water requirement is small, and the water content of the culture material is sufficient, and the water spray can be performed 1-2 times per day. Later, as the ears gradually grow, the amount of water spray may be appropriately increased to maintain the wetness of the ears without curling. Small ear buds grow to maturity, taking about 10-15 days. This stage due to the rapid growth of the ear, the need for more water, the amount of water spray should be increased, spray water 2-4 times a day, and enhance ventilation and lighting conditions, in order to facilitate the healthy growth of fruiting bodies. The bag planting method uses polypropylene plastic film bags of 1733 cm or 1530 cm and thickness of 0.5-0.6 mm. According to the formula, the raw materials are mixed and mixed with water, and the water content is 55-60%. When filling, first insert the two corners of the bottom of the plastic bag inward to make the bottom of the bag stable after loading. Loading requirements should be moderately tight on the upper and lower sides, and should be handled gently to prevent damage to the bag caused by local pressure. The filling volume is three-fifths of the bag height. The collar of the bag is put on the collar, and the mouth of the bag is stuffed with cotton. It is sterilized and inoculated according to the conventional method. The culture is incubated at 22-25° C. for 40-45 days. The mycelium can grow long. Full bag. When the mycelium is full of bags, the temperature should be controlled between 18-20°C, and the ventilation should be strengthened to increase the illumination and stimulate the primordial differentiation. After about a week, when a small amount of ear buds appear on the wall of the bag, it is necessary to open the hole in time, increase ventilation, and promote ear buds to occur in large numbers. When opening the hole, first use 0.1% potassium permanganate or thiophanate solution to scrub the surface of the bag, then use a sterile blade to open three rows of "10" shaped cupboards on both sides and back of the bag, 374 per line, a total of 9-12 The distance between the hole and the hole is 5-6 cm. The hanging bag is tied with a plastic rope to the bag mouth and hung on the "S" shaped wire hooks on the cross bar of the cultivation frame. The distance between the bag pockets is about 10 cm. Spray water 1-2 times on the ground or in space every day, keeping the relative humidity of the air above 90%. When the ear buds form and begin to appear funnel-shaped, indicating that the long ear stage, you can spray water directly on the bag, but the amount of water spray should not be too much, so as not to affect the growth of the ear. With the prevention of ear lengthening, the amount of water spray may be appropriately increased. When the temperature is high, spray water or not, keep it dry and wet, alternating wet and dry, to prevent burnt ears caused by high temperature and high humidity. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen ventilation, increase light, and promote good growth of fruiting bodies. Sugarcane fields are planted by bagging methods to cultivate mycelia by the method of bag cultivation. When there is a little ear base on the bag wall, they must be moved to the sugarcane fields to manage the ears. Before hanging the bag, select the sugarcane plant with large cane planting, moderate canopy density, clear sugarcane furrow, the groove surface is 90cm wide, the ditch depth is 40cm, the ditch bottom is 30cm wide, and high-cultivation is carried out, and then the ditch is high. On top of the horizontal bamboo poles, 22-25 cm. Each shelf hangs 3-5 bags for earing. Due to suitable temperature and humidity in the sugarcane field, moderate canopy closure, fresh air, and sufficient sunlight, it provides a good ecological environment for the growth of black fungus. Therefore, after opening the bag for 3-5 days, only shallow water for furrow irrigation can be used to keep the relative humidity of sugar cane within 85-90%. After the ear buds are formed, water can be directly sprayed around the bag. As the ear grows, the amount of spray can be increased. In the late period, the ear piece grows faster and the transpiration loses more water, so the amount of water spray should be increased. When the ear piece is nearing maturity, the water spray should be reduced, the air humidity should be reduced, and the spore ejection should be controlled so as to increase the meat thickness of the ear piece and increase the yield and quality. The vineyard bottle cultivation method according to the bottle cultivation method of bacteria bottles, until ear buds appear, move into the vineyard, horizontally placed on the ear rack or bottom of the bottle to the bottom of the bottle, mouth outward, side by side dare to the ground. The mouth of the bottle is covered with gauze or old newspapers, and spray moisturizing. After the ear is out, the temperature is controlled at about 20°C, and the relative humidity of the air is kept at 85-95%. After 7-10 days, when the ear bud grows to be large, remove the bottle of gauze or newspaper and spray water 1-2 times a day. When the diameter of the ear piece is more than 2 cm, the amount of water spray may be appropriately increased to maintain the wetness of the ear piece without curling, and the water spray is stopped until 1-2 days before the harvest, so that the ear piece grows thick and robust. The shady ring cuts the bag plant method to take a shade shed in the field first, and spread a layer of river sand on the ground in the shed, cover a layer of clean pebbles on it, spray and disinfect with 0.1% thiophanate or copper sulphate. Then, the mycelium grows to 2/3 of the bacterial bag, and a knife is cut along the centimeter of the mouth of the bag for one week. The upper film of the bag mouth is removed and placed on the sand by inversion. Each bag is separated by 10 cm. After one week, the relative humidity of gravel surface is maintained at 90-95% to promote ear buds. As the ear grows, the water can be sprayed properly to keep the ear moist without curling. And enhance ventilation and ventilation, increase light and keep dry and wet, alternating wet and dry, promote healthy growth of the ear. After each batch of harvest, go up 2 centimeters, cut again one week off the membrane, stop water for 5-6 days, then spray water continuously for one week, and grow a second batch of fruiting bodies. Due to the low temperature of sand and stone surface, the ear can still be normal in hot summer season. 4. Mycelial culture After inoculation, the bottles and bags are moved into the culturing chamber and discharged on the cultivation rack. The temperature is maintained at 23-26°C to promote the germination and colonization of the mycelium and cover the material surface as soon as possible. 3-4 days of mycelium germination and growth into the culture material, the temperature should be reduced to about 20 °C, and promote the healthy growth of mycelium. After 15 days, the hyphae can grow to more than half of the bottle or bag. This temperature can be reduced to 18-20 °C, and enhance ventilation and ventilation, 1-2 times a day. After 25-30 days of cultivation, mycelium grows in bottles and bags, and it can be transferred into mushroom management. 5. Harvesting and processing When the ear color from dark to light, soft and flexible, the edge of the volume, the ear roots shrink, spores will be ejected. It is necessary to harvest in time. Harvesting method is: Use a sharp blade at the root of the ear to cut off, do not leave the ear roots, do not pull hard pull, so as not to affect the surrounding small ear buds, or residual ear rot, resulting in the occurrence of bacteria pests. At the same time, it is necessary to avoid taking out the culture material at the root of the ear to protect the ear buds and young ears from continuing to grow. The fungus should be removed to remove the velvet root and the base debris, set it to dry under the hot sun or dry it with charcoal fire. Then put it in a plastic bag, put it in a wooden box, store it in a ventilated and dry place to avoid deterioration. China Agricultural Network Editor