First, why should we promote eggplant grafting technology? The eggplant grafting technique is a technique in which wild solanaceous plants are used as rootstocks for eggplant grafting, and eggplant seedlings are grafted onto rootstocks. Eggplants (especially conjoined eggplants) are often harmed by soil-borne diseases, resulting in reduced yields and decreased quality. The grafted eggplant can not only effectively prevent the soil-borne diseases (mainly Verticillium wilt, blight, bacterial wilt, root knot nematode), but also has a particularly high yield. The general yield is as high as 2-4 of ordinary eggplant. Times. In the case of satisfying the conditions of the facilities, some places even created an ultra-high yield of 10,000 kilograms per mu. The grafted eggplant not only has a high yield, but also has a good quality and a long harvest period. This technology has been widely used in foreign countries. In the 1980s, China’s scientific research units began to experiment, and in the 1990s, China began to promote. Grafting technology can greatly increase the yield and planting efficiency of eggplant, and it is a good project for farmers to increase income and get rich. What are the characteristics of eggplant rootstock? The commonly used rootstock varieties are red eggplant, Tolu Bam, crp and disease-resistant vf. The red eggplant is mainly resistant to wilt disease and has moderate resistance to Verticillium wilt. Eggplant is suitable for grafting with various eggplant varieties. Grafting seedlings grow robustly, with early results, good quality, and strong cold and heat resistance. Generally, they only need to be sowed for 7 days or more earlier than scion varieties. The grafted seedlings of Tolubam are also resistant to the four soil-borne diseases of eggplant (wilkind, withered, blue-green, and nematode), reaching a level of high resistance or immunity. However, the seeds of Tolu-ba mother had strong dormancy after harvest and the seeds were unearthed. The early seedlings grew slowly. Only when the plants have 3-4 true leaves, growth is more normal. Therefore, the use of Toruruba as the rootstock requires seeding 25-30 days earlier than the scion seedlings. The resistance of crp is basically the same as that of ordinary eggplant varieties. Therefore, it takes 20-25 days to sow ahead of the scion, and the grafted seedlings are suitable for cultivation in protected areas, with high quality and high total production. Resistance to disease vf is a Japanese hybrid that is mainly resistant to wilting and verticillium wilt. The seeds germinate easily and can be grafted with various types of eggplants and have a high survival rate. The sowing time was only 3 days earlier than the scionling seedlings. The grafted seedlings grew vigorously, and they were resistant to high temperature and drought, the fruit swelling was fast, and the quality was good. The previous period yield and total yield were higher. Third, how to increase the germination rate of eggplant rootstock? The price of eggplant rootstocks is high, and the germination rate is low (especially Toruubam). Therefore, various methods should be adopted for seed treatment to increase the germination rate and reduce the cost of raising seedlings. At present, there are three commonly used germination treatment methods: First, soaking treatment, the seeds soaked for 48 hours, and then planted seedlings planted water, uniform sowing, covered with soil covered with plastic insulation. General eggplant rootstock seedlings can germinate in 10-15 days. The second is a variable temperature treatment. The seeds are soaked for 48 hours, put into a cloth bag, and placed in a thermostat. The temperature is 30°C for 8 hours and 20°C for 16 hours. The temperature is changed repeatedly. At the same time, the seed was rinsed with fresh water once a day, and budding was possible after 8 days. The third is hormone treatment. With 100-200 mg of gibberellic acid per kilogram of water soaked seeds for 24 hours, then soaked in fresh water for 24 hours, and then placed in the incubator in the temperature change, this method sprouts faster, usually 4-5 days Can sprout. Fourth, what methods to graft? Grafting suitable time mainly depends on the root tuber seedlings of the rough, when the rootstock stems rough 3-5mm, scion length to 5-7 true leaves, lignification is the best time for marriage. The grafting site is usually on the section between the second and third true leaves of the rootstock, so pay special attention to the length and thickness of the rootstock section. Eggplant grafting generally adopts splicing method and oblique cutting method. The splicing method is performed when the rootstock seedlings have 5-6 true leaves. The rootstock seedlings were left with 2 true leaves, and the stems and leaves of the above parts were removed at one time. Then, a 1-1.5 cm deep incision was made by cutting the centerline of the stem at the incision. Afterwards, the scions were left with 1 leaf and 1 heart, and were cut into wedges with a slope length of 1-1.5 cm (according to the incisions of the rootstocks). They were immediately inserted into the incisions of the rootstocks so that the incisions were closely aligned and then fixed with grafting clips. Oblique connection method When the rootstock seedlings have 5-6 true leaves, the rootstock seedlings will retain 2 true leaves and the upper part of the seedlings will be cut off with a blade. Then use a blade to incline between the nodes above the second true leaf to form a 30 degree angle bevel, and remove the above part. The slope is 1-1.5 cm long. Take the scion seedlings, keep 2-3 leaves on the upper part, use a blade to cut the slope opposite to the rootstock, remove the lower part, and keep the slope length at about 1-1.5 cm. Then fasten the two bevels together, align them, and fix them with clips. 5. What should you pay attention to when grafting an eggplant? The first is a place, preferably in a greenhouse or a greenhouse, to avoid sand, rain or livestock pollution. The second is the cutting tool. The razor used for grafting must be sharp. Usually about 150 strains of each blade should be replaced in time. The third is disinfection. The operator's hands and grafting tools must be disinfected with alcohol or potassium permanganate solution several times during the grafting process to avoid cross-infection of pathogens. At the same time, it should be noted that the hand and the blade must be allowed to contact the incision after it has been sterilized. Otherwise, it is very difficult to heal the incision with water or liquid medicine. Six, eggplant grafted seedlings should be how to manage? The key to the survival of grafting is mainly to look at the humidity and temperature management after grafting. It is impossible for the open cultivation to reach the conditions for controlling the humidity. Therefore, the artificial seedlings grafted seedlings must be constructed with small plastic sheds or cultivated in a greenhouse to achieve the effects of moisturizing and heat preservation. In the first 3 days after grafting, the relative humidity of the air is generally maintained at about 95% to promote the formation of callus as soon as possible between the rootstock and scion, and then integrated into one. After 3 days, the temperature should be lowered in time to prevent the wound. Bacteria breed. In the case of insufficient humidity during the wound healing period, water can not be sprayed directly, and ground water supply can be used to increase the temperature. In case of rain, the humidity in the shed is relatively large and should be released in a timely manner. Otherwise, the wound will rot. Temperature requirements during the day 23-26 °C, 17-20 °C at night. Usually 6-8 days, grafted eggplant seedlings can spend the graft healing period, after its complete survival, its management method can refer to the general management method of seedling management.
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