Chinese name: Whole wheat erosion Latin name: Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) Arx.olivcr Injury symptoms: Whole wheat rot is a root rot and stem rot disease. Wheat can be infected throughout the growing period. The seedlings were invaded, the symptoms of light were not obvious, the weight was significantly dwarf, the leaf color became shallow, the bottom mouth was yellow, and the tillers decreased, similar to drought-fat-fat. Pull out the visible seed roots and underground stems to turn grayish black. When severe, secondary roots turn black and plants die. Grown to mature disease: The vulva is obvious, and in the moist condition, the discolored part of the rhizomes forms the basal rot's "black foot" symptoms. Eventually the plants die and form a "white spike." Peeling off the base leaf sheath of the diseased part, you can see the unique "black plaster"-like material. Near the time of harvest, in wet conditions, the rhizomes can be seen; black punctiform ascaria shells are seen. The morphological characteristics of the pathogen: ascospora sac long-necked bottle, chestnut brown hairy surface, sac-stick, colorless, stalked, with 8 ascospores, colorless ascospore, stick-like microbend, 3~7 Diaphragm. The characteristics of the disease: Full-bleeding bacteria is a relatively strict soil inhabiting bacteria. Its activity in the soil can be clearly divided into two stages of parasitic and saprophytic. In the parasitic stage, the dormant mycelium on the diseased body infects the primary root, secondary root and rhizome of the host seedling, and parasites live in the camp. Fully etched bacteria have weak competition in the soil, and they are affected by the conditions of the environment. (1) When the soil pH value is above 7, the higher the pH value is, the heavier the disease is, and the severity of the disease below pH 7 begins to decline. Below pH 5, there are pathogens. (2) Well ventilated soil is conducive to disease incidence.(3) Soil fertility is less than that of disease, and the use of ammonium nitrogen and application of phosphate fertilizer can reduce the disease.(4) Larger soil moisture is beneficial to the development of disease, late autumn or spring The incidence of rain is heavy for many years, and there is a special phenomenon in wheat full-blown disease: if the crop is continuously planted in the same block for 3 to 5 years, the increase in disease will reach a peak in quantity and severity. However, once the peak occurs, the disease naturally declines year by year, which is called the natural decline of full-blown disease.The mechanism that causes this phenomenon is not yet clear.
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