Schisandra chinensis is an authentic medicinal herb in Liaoning Province and is known as "Liao Wuwei." Mainly in the mountains of eastern Shandong Province. The medical history of schisandra has a long history. There were medicinal records as early as two thousand years ago. Schisandra is mostly found in mixed forests, between small trees and shrubs on both sides of ravine streams. Wrapped between the small Joe and the bushes on both sides of the stream. Wrap around other trees. Schisandra is unisexual, but it also has bisexual flowers. It is female and male, but it also has different phenomenon. Females and males form themselves and are related to nutritional conditions. In older plants or on infertile lands, the plants that grow are mostly male. Plants with strong vitality, or artificially cultivated plants with adequate fertilizers and water, good management, and appropriate pruning are mostly female flowers. The flowers grow on the branches of the previous year, and the female flowers grow on the upper part of the climbing stem. Schisandra has strong adaptability, likes the plants that are happy and moist and hi light. Schisandra artificial cultivation: artificial cultivation of Schisandra, the use of sexual reproduction methods. 1. The technology of raising seedlings of Schisandra chinensis is the key to seedling and seedling preservation. (1) Seed treatment: The seed embryo of Schisandra chinensis is very small, and the seed coat is hard, with an oily layer, and it is difficult to permeate water. It is necessary to conduct seed treatment in order to ensure seedling emergence. Seed treatment method will select mature and full of seeds, soaked in warm water for 3 to 5 days, remove the flesh, float out of pods, washed out into full seeds. In the pit, pits 60 cm deep and 60 cm wide were dug. The seeds were mixed well with 3 times the amount of wet sand, and the seed was buried in the pit with no contact. After the burial, cover a layer of grass, cover half a foot thick earth pit, and dig a good drainage ditch around to prevent rainwater from pouring in. Always check the seeds to prevent mold, sand buried for 70 to 90 days, until the germ just exposed can be sown. And avoid the buds grow too long, otherwise easy to break when sowing, or in case of drought and water shortage of buds to die. (2) Seedling raising methods; selection of nursery fields is the key technology for Schisandra breeding. There are three types of flat seedling raising, old seedling seedling raising and understory seedling raising in our province. Seedlings on the plain are more common and grow faster. Seedlings in the old ginseng can also be planted under the forest, but the growth is slower. 1 Flatland nursery selection: Choose flat, sunny, irrigation, well-drained, fertile sandy loam seedlings. Site preparation and fertilization: Miaotian should be turned in autumn or spring. Immediately after the smashing, keep your weight and apply enough base fertilizer. Application of fertilizer per acre 2500 to 4000 kg. The height of the work depends on the local weather, soil conditions and the level of the water level. Generally 10 cm high, 1 m wide, the length can be flexibly determined, in order to facilitate the principle of small seedlings ventilation, light, the direction of the north-south direction is better. Sowing: Timely sowing. The sowing date is appropriate from late April to early May. Drilling is generally used to open trenches in the horizontal direction to facilitate the management of Miaotian. According to the spacing of 15 cm, sowing depth of 2.5 to 3 cm, should pay attention to step on the bottom grid, sowing rate of about 5 kilograms per acre, timely sowing after sowing, covering the thickness of 2.5 to 3 cm is appropriate. Slight suppression after sowing to prevent the wind from running. And use a watering can to prevent the shoots from drying out. In order to keep the surface of the bed moist, rice straw and tree shrews can be used to cover the surface and cover the thickness to cover the ground. After the grass is covered, two grass ropes should be used to pry on the wooden posts at both ends of the surface to prevent the wind from blowing. Miaotian Management: Remove the cover grass and take a shady shed. After the seeds are treated by sand burying, seedlings can be successively grown 20 to 30 days after sowing. Always check to prevent the cover from pressing. When the seedling reaches 50% to 70, all the coverings are to be withdrawn. At the same time, a simple shade shed is erected. With thatch and branches, it can not only play a role in shading, but also penetrate scattered light. Watering, loose soil, weeding, and seedlings: Schisandra seedlings are urgently required for water, and water should be poured when the dry soil layer on the surface reaches 1.5 to 1.8 cm. Loosen the soil immediately after watering and weed it. When the seedlings out of 3 to 4 true leaves and time seedlings, the spacing of 6 to 9 cm is appropriate, and some are removable shading shed. Top dressing: To keep strong seedlings, topdressing twice. When the shelter was first removed, 10 kg of ammonium sulfate was used per acre. The second time when the plant height was 9 to 12 centimeters, the amount of calcium phosphate 15 to 20 kilograms per mu was recovered. 2 Seedlings in the old ginseng land: Selecting the land: In the ginseng production area, we can choose fertile soil, abundant sunlight, and old ginseng planted with ginseng, trim the old ginseng bed, and sow seedlings. Sowing: The method and time of sowing are the same as those for raising seedlings on the flat ground. However, because planting land is mostly on the hillside, the spacing should be increased to 18 to 20 cm. Covers can be used as old ginseng or branches. Seed management with the former, flat seedlings. Understory nursery: The humus layer with deep, sunny and broad-leaved forest (60 to 70% of light transmittance) should be selected as the site to remove small shrubs, roots, stones, etc. plot. 1 to 1.5 meters in width, 6 to 9 centimeters in height, and planted in the flat surface of the plant. The method of sowing and the management of Miaotian are the same as the method of raising the seedlings on the plain. Seedlings under the forest do not need to be covered and shaded. (3) Pest control at seedling stage. As the soil in the nursery field is relatively moist and the manure is sufficient, there are more underground pests. Common crickets, cockroaches, golden needles, etc., under the cover grass activities, bite the young roots and young leaves of the seedlings, serious seedlings were killed in pieces, resulting in lack of seedling broken bar. Control methods can be used to kill poisonous bait, but also can be manually captured to eliminate. 2. Transplanting cultivated Schisandra in our province, using two kinds of seedlings, one is seedling seedlings, that is artificially cultivated seedlings, the other is wild seedlings, that is, small seedlings plants excavated in the mountains. Practice has shown that real seedlings are preferred, and real seedlings have main roots and lateral roots. After planting, seedlings can easily grow and prosper. One year after planting, many new white roots grow on old roots. Plants on the ground are lush and the survival rate can reach 80% to 90%. The wild seedlings were rooted in the underground stem sections. After transplanting, most of the tender roots died and the new roots were re-emerged. Therefore, the seedlings were slow, the plants were weak, and the survival rate was low. The highest survival rate was only 50%. 60%, and there are many false living phenomenon, that is not dead at that time, by consuming nutrients to grow, because a long time no new roots and died. 1 selection. Schisandra is not strict on the soil, but sandy loam is the best. The forest area should choose a place where the humus soil layer is deep and sunny, and there are irrigation conditions where drainage is convenient. Semi-artificial cultivation, the choice of both sides of the stream, the edge of the forest edge, bushes, fertile soil, good ventilation and light cultivation. 2 choose seedlings. Seed breeding biennial seedlings can be used. Such as fertilizer, water, field management is good, then seedling growth thick can also be used. We must choose good seedlings with thick branches and well-developed roots. 3 Transplanting time. Spring and autumn can be transplanted. After the fall should be in the fall, the spring should be carried out before sprouting. In the rainy season, the survival rate of transplanting or replanting is also very high, but it is necessary to lightly cut the upper part of the ground to excessively evaporate moisture and reduce the survival rate. 4 Transplanting methods. Transplanting plants and row spacing should be flexibly controlled according to shelf type. There are two types of racks used in production: one is manual racking, and the other is a natural rack. Artificial planting is commonly used in flowering plants, plant spacing 60 to 100 cm, 45 cm spacing. Go north and south to make the wind clear. Dig pits, each with a depth of 30 cm and a width of 30 cm. Fill the pit with the mixed manure and cover it with a layer of soil. When the seedlings are planted, the roots should be stretched and then filled with soil, and the seedlings should be raised gently to cover the soil practically. Then the water should be poured and the water should be allowed to infiltrate into the ground again. The cultivation of natural scaffolds, the tree species of the scaffold, the best is the mangrove tree in the mountains. When transplanting, with the digging and planting, to prevent the sun. The schisandra seedlings are mostly new, slender fibrous roots that are prone to dehydration and slow seedling growth, affecting survival. For long-distance transportation, pack it well to prevent it from drying out. 3. Field management As the saying goes: "Three points seedlings, seven points." Doing a good job in the first year of management after transplanting is not only conducive to easing seedlings and ensuring the survival rate, but also lays a good foundation for the rapid growth of Schisandra, early advancement, and solidity. (1) Fertilization and irrigation: Schisandra chinensis is a hi-favored and hi-water plant. In the growth process, when the fertilizer and water are insufficient, the shoots are weak and the overwintering buds are small. In the first half of cultivation, when fertilizer and water were sufficient, flower bud differentiation was affected and more leaf buds were formed. There were more male flowers and fewer female flowers. During flowering and fruit setting, fertilizer and deficiency will cause fruit drop. Therefore, cultivation of schisandra is very important. Top dressing is usually done in two parts. For the first time, in late May, 20 kg of nitrogenous fertilizer (ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate, etc.) was chased. The second time should be followed by calcium phosphate at the end of June for 40 kg per mu. During the growing period, excessive nitrogen fertilizers should not be pursued to prevent falling fruit, and more phosphorus fertilizer can be recovered, which will benefit the results. The roots of the five flavors are weak and should be diligently watered to promote the star roots and grow strong. (2) Loose soil, weeding: Weeding can be carried out in combination with loose soil. If it is a natural scaffold, the crown should also be trimmed. (3) pruning pruning: pruning is mainly to regulate the nutrition of the whole plant, and control the unnecessary loss of nutrients. Cut diseased shoots, worm branches, thin and thin branches, over dense branches and old branches from the plants. Pruning methods include: 1 To control a large number of basal shoots, from the end of May to the middle of July each year, a large number of basal branches drilled from the base of the schisandra and underground stems, due to excessive, resulting in nutrient consumption of plants, resulting in thin shoots, affecting flower buds Differentiation. Therefore, to select 3 to 5 thick branches for cultivation, prepare for the next year, the rest of the base branches all cut off. 2 Cut off more short fruit branches. Short fruit branches more open male flowers, the result is poor, should be cut before germination. 3 For many years, the middle and long fruiting branches can also be sparsely evacuated to facilitate ventilation. The spacing between branches is generally 9 centimeters away. For branches that grow too busy, especially the upper branches, tipping should be done to concentrate the nutrients and avoid intertwining. 4 scaffolding: Schisandra is a woody vine winding plants, in order to light ventilation, two years after planting must be racked to adopt what type of shelf, mainly to see whether the ventilation of the Schisandra beneficial, rapid growth and development, the results of many principles. (4) Pest control: 1 Disease: Schizandra leaf blight occurs from mid-May to mid-July. It starts with the tip of the leaf or the leaf margin, and gradually expands to the entire leaf surface and leaves yellow. The prevention and control measures should strengthen field management, pay attention to ventilation and light transmission, and remove diseased leaves in time to reduce the spread of the disease. 2 Insect pests: leaf curl insects, aphids, leaf curlers can be sprayed with 5% Tengqiao emulsion 1500 times, and the aphids can be controlled or captured manually. 4. Harvesting and Processing (1) Harvesting: Schisandra chinensis is transplanted into two-year-old seedlings. If the water and fertilizer are properly managed after planting, fruit can be seen after 2 years, and a large number of results can be obtained in 4-5 years. The artificially cultivated Schizandra chinensis has a long, full-grained, and full-grown, wild ear with significantly different ear lengths. If the management is not good, it will not produce much results. Even if it blooms and ends, most of the shattered grains or whole ears will fall off. The optimum season for harvesting Schisandra in our province is cold dew to frost (ie, mid-to-late October). The fruit is purple at this time, and the skin is thick and oily. It is easy to dry after harvest. After drying, the color is fresh and shiny, such as premature harvest, coke after processing, oil-free, dark color, poor quality. (2) Processing: The medicinal part of Schisandra is fruit. Quality requirements surface purple, thick skin, shrinkage, oily, shiny. The quality is related to the harvest period and processing methods. Schisandra processing method is simple, generally are dried in the sun. If it is fine, it is not necessary to put it away in the evening and it is oily after being dried. In case of rainy days, it can be spread thinly on a pot, slowly drying, the temperature can not be too high, prevent the oil from volatilizing, become coke particles, and prevent rotten spoilage.