Introduction of Crawfish Shrimp (Freshwater Lobster) Culture Technology

First, the basic habits of freshwater lobster Freshwater lobster, scientific name Krill crawfish, also known as lobster, lobster, red shrimp. The shrimp was originally produced in the United States and was introduced to Japan from Japan during the Second World War. It is now widely distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The shrimp is a tropical freshwater shrimp with high adaptability, high reproduction rate, mixed diet, fast growth, resistance to disease, high temperature resistance, low oxygen tolerance, and no death from water for several hours. Shrimp is tender, nutritious, contains 8 amino acids that are essential for the human body, and has a low fat content. It also contains more tropomyosin and paramyosin, which are more edible. Deeply favored by domestic consumers, the export volume is also increasing day by day. The sales and purchase prices are rising, and the breeding prospects and benefits are promising. Freshwater lobsters are widely found in freshwater lakes, rivers, ponds, gutters, and rice fields. Benthic organisms, plankton, and all kinds of aquatic grasses are palatable foods that grow well in these waters. Juveniles live in shallow water or poolside, hi caves, and sometimes hidden in the hidden place of gravel plants, usually shrimp holes digging in the large water surface of the shore more clay wetlands reedy beach shore, shrimp cave round , Tilt down, about 30 centimeters deep, and twisted in different directions. Freshwater lobsters often have seasonal movements in their habitat. In spring, the water temperature rises, and shrimps often move in shallow water. When the summer temperature is not high, they move to deep water. In winter, they winter in the holes. Freshwater lobster clams, growth and reproduction are also carried out in caves to prevent injury, and the clams are afraid of light, and when the light is weak or dark, they climb out of the cave. During the rain season, freshwater lobsters often climb onto land. The shrimp has a strong ability to fight hunger, and generally can withstand hungry for 3 to 5 days; in the fall and winter season, it usually does not eat or starve to eat for 20 to 30 days. The optimum temperature for ingestion was 25~30°C; when the water temperature was lower than 15°C, the activity was weakened; when the water temperature was lower than 10°C or more than 35°C, the food intake decreased significantly; when the water temperature was below 8°C, it entered the wintering period and stopped feeding. The lifespan of freshwater lobster males is generally 20 months, and that of female prawn is 24 months. Freshwater lobsters usually mating and holding eggs from the end of October to March of the following year. Different water mating times are different. Premature mating eggs are often immature, and when they are too late, the eggs are too mature and aging. The suitable water temperature for mating is 22~25°C. It is best not to catch during the mating season, so that it can hatch and reproduce. Freshwater lobsters mate in spring, summer and autumn. They can lay eggs 3 to 4 times a year. Generally, 7 to 10 cm in length and 15 to 30 grams in weight, broodstock has a fertility of 220 to 270 grains, and individual size. Differently, there is a big gap between their susceptibility. Under normal circumstances, the spawning shrimp after mating and spawning needs 1 to 2 months of incubation (ie, embryonic development), which requires a lot of physical exertion. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the nutrition and cultivation of oviposition shrimp. The suitable water temperature for hatching shrimps is 22~27°C, incubation time is 6~10 weeks. Before the larvae are cultivated, they need to be sterilized by clear ponds, filtered into the water, and then applied organic fertilizers to cultivate the natural food organisms for feeding the shrimp seedlings. The density of stocking larvae is generally 15 to 200,000 when the general shrimp is cultivated. If it is cultivated using the “soybean milk” method, the stocking density can be 16 to 180,000. Second, lobster farming technology General breeding Japanese giant shrimp ponds can be cultured lobster, ordinary ponds can also be cultured, and its post-farming culture technology and Japanese Macrobrachium similar, including preparatory work, feed delivery and water quality management However, it is necessary to pay attention to the behavior of the hole, and the measures for preventing flight must also be strengthened. The lobster's tolerance ability is relatively strong, its production is higher in aquaculture, the current market demand is also larger, and the economic benefit of breeding is considerable. The most common shallow-water rice cultivation is described below as an example. Other farming methods can be referred to. III. Freshwater lobster cultured in rice paddy The freshwater lobster in paddy fields can generally produce 400-500 kilograms per acre, and 600 kilograms in high yields. Rice-field shrimp can eat the weeds and other aquatic organisms that consume fertilizer in the fields, which not only saves the weeding labor force, but also eliminates mosquitoes and flies that harm humans and livestock. In addition, shrimps continue to move and feed on the rice fields, which not only helps loosen soil, water, and ventilation in paddy fields, increases the amount of dissolved oxygen in the fields, but also releases large amounts of excrement through metabolism, which has the effect of conserving fertilizer and increasing fertility. 1. Selection of rice paddies Freshwater lobsters in paddy fields must be adequately sourced, free from droughts, floods, fresh water, no pollution, fertile soil, good water retention, and sunny rice fields. Some mountain brooks or spring waters are relatively barren. The water temperature is relatively low, but if there is a longer process or through the paddy fields that do not raise shrimp, and then flow into the cultured shrimp rice fields, the water temperature will increase, and it is also suitable for raising shrimp. 2. Transformation of rice fields In order to facilitate production management and daily feeding, the drainage area is generally a breeding area. 0.6 μm deep from the perimeter of the perimeter, dig a depth of 0.5 to 0.6 m, and a width of 1.0 to 1.2 m in the circulation buffer ditch, and turn all the soil to the side sill, so that the side sill reaches 0.8 to 1.0 m high and the top width is 0.6 to 0.8 Meter. The borders should be compacted, the inner slope should be flattened, and the enclosed protective wall should be enclosed with a plastic film inside the dome. The height of the fence is 0.4 to 0.5 meters above the ground and 0.1 to 0.2 meters underground. Upper and lower drains should be set up to prevent escape. In order to facilitate the shallow paddy fields, drying fields, chemical fertilizers, pesticides or fishing, the shrimp ditch and shrimp pond must be excavated in the shrimp farming rice fields. Shrimp ditch can be excavated after transplanting, and its opening method should be based on the shape of the field block, the size of the area and the direction of the outlet. If the paddy field is small, it can be opened into a “field” shape; if it is a long and large field, it can be developed into a “well” or an “infield” shape. The width and depth of the ditch should be 0.3 to 0.4 meters. Shrimp pond can be opened at the intersection of shrimp ditch or the four corners of the field and communicates with shrimp ditch. Shrimp Lake is generally 1.0 meters deep and 0.8 to 1.0 meters deep. Paddy field shrimps should be well-opened and drain outlets, and their locations should be selected on the soil rafts in the two corners of the paddy field. During the aquaculture process, the entire rice paddy field can be flowed smoothly. Barriers should be installed at the inlet and outlet to avoid shrimp escape. 3, shrimp species stocking time: whether it is the shrimp species, or brooding eggs, fighting for an "early" word. Early release can not only extend the growth period of shrimp in paddy fields, but also make full use of the large amount of natural feed resources cultivated in rice fields after fertilization. Regular stocking time is generally at the end of March each year or the end of March of the coming year. Stocking density: 30 to 40 kilograms per mu of paddy field stocked and broodstock stocked. Catfish species can also be stocked from April to May in the coming year, with 1.2 to 15,000 tails per mu. Note that brooding broodstock should be fed directly into the outer furrows for wintering, and when the larvae return to green, they will be induced into the paddy fields. There are the following two types of general breeding and holding culture: (1) Summer stocking: The juvenile shrimp that are artificially propagated in the year of stocking are the main ones. Restocking time is from July to September. Per-mu raising shrimp ditch rearing adult penaeid shrimp 1.5 ~ 20,000. (2) Winter stocking: Usually carried out in December, 1 to 15,000 tails of shrimp species of about 3 cm in size per acre of shrimp ditch. There are conditions where two seasons of shrimp farming can be conducted, from July to October, one season of freshwater shrimp, and from December to the fifth year of the following year, one season of freshwater lobster. 4, feeding and management (1) feeding bait: rice paddy shrimp should also be timing, positioning, quantitative, qualitative feeding. In the early days, they are fed once a day and in the afternoon, and later in the evening they are fed at 6 o'clock. Feeding bait varieties are mostly small junk fish, snail meat, river clam meat, clams, animal viscera, cocoon, feeding corn, wheat, barley flour. Can also be fed a proper amount of vegetable feed, such as water hyacinth, leeches, duckweed and so on. The amount of feed fed on a daily basis is 3 to 5% of the shrimp body weight. We must insist on checking the diet of shrimps on a daily basis. The food that was fed on that day is eaten within 2 to 3 hours. This indicates that the amount of bait is insufficient, and the amount of feed should be increased appropriately. If there is surplus on the next day, then the bait is to be fed. The amount should be reduced appropriately. (2) Elimination of predators: Shrimp infestations in rice fields are more prevalent, such as otters, snakes, waterfowl, squid, and water mice. In the early stage of shrimp release, the rice plant had no flourishing stems and leaves, and there was a large gap in the field surface. At this time, the individual shrimp was also small and had a weak activity ability. The capability of escaping from predators was poor and could easily be attacked by predators. At the same time, freshwater lobsters require oyster shells to grow at regular intervals, and they are most likely to become predatory baits when they are oyster shells or just oyster shells. By the time of harvest, due to the shallowness of the field, the shrimp may crawl everywhere, the target will be larger, and it will also be easily eaten by birds and beasts. In this regard, it is necessary to strengthen field management and arrest enemy enemies in a timely manner. In addition, when the shrimp is stocked, it is also forbidden to feed the ducks down the trench and avoid losses. (3) Tiangou Management: After stocking shrimp, it is very important to manage Tiangou. In the initial stage of stocking shrimps, Tianshui should be shallow, but due to the continuous growth of shrimp and the heading, flowering, and grouting of rice, a large amount of water is needed, so the field water can be gradually deepened to 12 to 15 cm to ensure both (shrimp and rice). Water demand. At the same time, attention is also paid to observing changes in the water quality of the ditch. Normally, fresh water is added every 3 to 5 days. In the summer season, new water is added every 1 to 2 days to keep the field fresh. In addition, it is necessary to insist on inspecting the field three times a day to observe the activities of the shrimp in the field and the feeding situation. If any irregularities are found, measures should be taken promptly. Normally, we must also do a good job of flood control, drainage and anti-escape work, and pay attention to weather changes at any time. In the event of a heavy rain, we must promptly check whether the inlet and outlet and the equipment are intact to ensure safety and prevent shrimp escape. 5. The time for catching shrimps in a rice paddy field is usually when the rice is about to ripen. However, after the rice is harvested, the fields are filled with water, and then intensively fished for 1 to 2 months before catching. Whenever fishing, the trenches should be dredged before they are ready to be drained, so that the shrimps will slowly flow into the surrounding big trenches and then discharge the water in the trenches. The shrimp will flow downstream and can use the nets. Drainage fishing harvest. If it is not collected at one time, it can be re-irrigated with fresh water and repeated until it is caught. During the harvest season, the general temperature is high and it can be used early and late to avoid damage to the shrimp. Before harvesting shrimp, shrimp containers should be prepared so that the shrimp can be transported for listing or transferred to the pool for sale.

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