1. The environmental conditions and types of Dianchi Lake The water in Dianchi Lake is shallower than the pond and deeper than the rice fields. It is generally 10 cm to 50 cm, and the deepest is about 1 meter. In our province from April to mid-June, the loquat leaf in Dianchi Lake is small, shading is limited, most of the surface of the pond can withstand light, and the amount of fertilizer used in Dianchi Lake is large. Therefore, the water in the pond is very fat and watery. It is thick green and is the peak season for flowers and white pheasants. After mid-June, the lotus leaves cover most of the pool surface, the water in the pool turns clear, and the growth of flowers and white pods slows. There are many benthos in Dianchi Lake, especially larvae and snails such as chironomid and mosquitoes, and there are many aquatic vascular plants. This provides abundant natural food for omnivorous fish such as cockroach, clam and tilapia. The Dianchi Lake in our province can be broadly divided into two types, potholes and ponds. 1, pit father: cultivated in rural pit pond. The water depth is more than 50 cm to 100 cm, and the cultivation period is April to October. The temporal lobe covers the entire water surface from July to September. The water temperature in the pit is lower than that in the pond, and the potential for fish production is great. 2. Pool ponds: Ponds specially built for the rearing of fish ponds, and the bottom of the pond is often constructed or compacted. Shallow, usually 10 cm to 20 cm. The cultivation period is from April to September. The temperature of pool water is higher than that of potholes. The potential for fish production is less than that of potholes. In the pool water, the output of a beard can reach more than 100 kilograms per mu. Second, the benefits of fish in Dianchi Lake fish pond rearing, can promote the growth of earthworms, increase the yield of earthworms, which is quite similar to the situation of fish farming in paddy fields. According to experimental observation and the experience of the masses, there are four benefits of fish breeding in Dianchi Lake. The first is that fish can eat the weeds in Dianchi Lake, which helps the weeding in Dianchi Lake and saves the weeding work in Dianchi Lake. The second is that fish can eat the pests in Dianchi Lake, which can reduce the harm of pests to earthworms and help the production of earthworms. The third is that after the fish eats the natural baits such as aquatic weeds, plankton, zoobenthos, and organic debris in the Dianchi Lake, the faeces are excreted. This not only helps eliminate weeds, reduces fertilizer losses, but also increases fish production. , increase economic income. The fourth is that a large number of mosquito larvae that are bred in Dianchi Lake are eaten by fish, reducing the harm of mosquitoes to human health. III. Construction of fish rearing ponds 1. Selection of fish rearing ponds: Dianchi Lake with adequate water supply, good water quality, no pollution, convenient drainage and irrigation, and flood resistance and drought resistance should be selected. The pH value of the soil in the pool is neutral to slightly alkaline, and there is plenty of sunshine, long illumination time, and rapid plankton reproduction, especially when the leeward is sunny. And avoid the use of industrial sewage influx of Putian fish. 2. Construction of fish farms: The construction of fish farms in Dianchi Lake consists of three main projects: reinforcement of fish ponds, excavation of fish ditch fish pits, and fish traps built into drainage outlets. (1) Reinforcement pools: In order to prevent fish from escaping after heavy rain, the ponds for fish farming need to be raised, widened, and compacted to prevent fish from escaping. The reinforced pool should be 40 cm to 50 cm above the water surface and 30 cm wide. (2) Excavation of fish ditch, fish pit: In order to create a good living environment for fish and facilitate fishing, fish ditch and fish pit should be excavated in Dianchi Lake. The excavation time is generally late winter or early spring and requires a one-time build. This is an example of Putian where fresh fish produce 50kg to 100kg per mu. A deep 1 meter deep fish pit with an area of ​​1 square meter should be excavated under the water inlet of Dianchi Lake, and a fish pit should be dug in the center of Dianchi Lake. The pit area is 1 square meter and the depth is 1 meter. The fish ditch connected to the fish pit is excavated at a depth of 50 cm to 60 cm and a width of 30 cm to 40 cm. Fish ditch can be "10" or "well" shape. Generally, Datian Kaicheng’s “10†shape forms Daejeon into a “well†shape. The fish ditch and the fish pit in the entire pool should be connected. The amount of excavation in fish pits can be increased by one additional fish pit per additional acre of fish in Dianchi Lake. The inlet and outlet of Putian should be selected in the opposite corners, and the inlet and outlet should be connected to both the fish ditch and the fish pit. (3) Installation of fish blocking devices at inlets and outlets. In order to prevent the escape of fish, fish traps should be installed at the inlet and outlet of the pond, and the aperture of the fish trap should be smaller than that of the stocking fish. "U" shape to the field placement. The fish stocks in Dianchi Lake are stocked and the fish stocks are released. In the old Dianchi Lake, fish can be released after the warm spring temperature rises; in the new Dianchi Lake, the fish is generally released about 7 days after the breeding. For the above two methods of fish release, clearing ponds must be disinfected to ensure good water quality, and fish species should also be put into the pond after disinfection. 2, stocking species. The general principle is to eat mainly fish, such as cockroaches, clams, tilapia and beard cocoons with strong adaptability to stocking. Due to the different types of Dianchi Lake, the types of stocking are also different. (1) pit father. The stocking species are mainly oysters, clams, and tilapia, and are suitable for fish such as cockroaches, cockroaches, and grasses. Should pay attention to the stocking size of grass carp can not be too large, so as not to damage the buds of lotus root, stocking time is generally in mid-April. (2) Pool. Since the water in the pool is shallow (10 cm to 20 cm) and the water temperature is high, tilapia and beard must be stocked. Since the above two species of fish are tropical fish, the stocking time should be in mid-May. The amount of larvae and squid in ponds is lower than that in ponds. 3, stocking quantity. The amount of stocking should be based on the requirements for fish production, source of fish and species specifications and feed availability. The potholes with deeper pool water, aiming at producing 100 kilograms of fresh fish per mu, can store 30 to 40 tails of squid and squid weighing 100 grams per acre; 200 to 300 tail squid and squid per acre; specifications for fingerlings Should be 100 g/tail. The shallow pool of ponds can store tilapia (10 centimeters to 15 centimeters) or 250 toe tails per mu (16 to 250 fishes). After mid-May, they are stocked until mid-October, and they are well stocked and managed. Acres pool is expected to receive more than 100 kilograms of fresh fish. For example, if the fish species are cultivated in Dianchi Lake, 1,000 pieces of grass, pupa or bream species can be stocked per mu of Dianchi, and it is best to be stocked in April until the end of October. More species with large size of 16 cm to 20 cm can be grown. The survival rate is generally around 50%. IV. Rearing and management of fish rearing in Dianchi Lake The abundance of the fish harvest in Dianchi Lake depends on the merits of feeding and management. 1. Irrigation: The early stage of fish rearing in Dianchi Lake should be filled with shallow water, and the water depth can be about 10 cm. With the growth of carp, it is necessary to gradually deepen the water level to 15 cm to 20 cm, which promotes the flowering of the pupae and the growth of the fish. If it is a pothole, the water level can also be properly deepened. Deepening the water level in hot summer season is beneficial to the growth of carp. 2. Feeding: The feeding of Putian fish depends on the amount of natural food in the water and the fish and density. (1) Feeding method. A. The feeding method in Dianchi Lake should adopt fixed-point methods. In the deep water section, a part of the loquat leaves is pulled out to form a feeding area in the Mingshui area, and feeding is performed in the area. B. During the entire season of feeding, observe the principle of “being less at the beginning, more in the middle, and less in the later periodâ€. Less than 7 months before feeding, 1 to 2 times a day, July to August is the peak period of fish feeding, should be more feed, can be fed 2 to 3 times a day. After September, the amount of food was reduced again, and the amount of feeding can be reduced again. C. The fed bait should be compound feed or natural bait that the fish love to eat and meet their nutritional needs. When feeding, pay attention to the size of the bait to adapt to the size of the fish mouth. (2) Feeding compound feed. The general principle is different for fish. For example, if the fish raised in the pond is mainly salmon, it should be fed with compound feed for salmon; if it is tilapia, it should be fed with compound feed for tilapia, and so on. The compound feed formula for several types of fish is now introduced as follows for use. Formulated feed formula for A, cockroach and bonito: 10% fishmeal, 5% yeast, 25% cotton cake, 20% soybean cake, 10% corn, 15% bran, 15% peanut cake, plus 2% mineral salt, multi-dimensional Su-2. B. Tilapia formula feed formulation: fish meal 5%, yeast 5%, soybean cake 20%, bran 40%, corn 10%, cotton kernel cake 20%, plus mineral salt 2%, multidimensional 2 ‰. C. Formulated feed formula for beard carp: 50% shrimp with low value, 20% with soybean meal, 10% with corn, 10% with bran and 10% with cotton kernel meal, plus mineral salt 2% and multivitamin 1. After the above recipes are all in place, they are crushed and then pelletized into granular particles for feeding into palatable granules. 3) Feeding natural bait: Duckweed, fly maggots, clams, insects, etc. are high-quality natural baits for fish that can be cultured or collected for feeding fish. Leather-covered beard squid can also purchase low-priced chicken intestines as bait for the beard puffer. 3. Fertilization: The fertilization of fish farming ponds should mainly coordinate the conflict between the fish and the fish. In the premise of fish safety, the fertilizer should be allowed to have a reasonable concentration. The fertilization of fish rearing ponds should be dominated by basal fertilizers, accounting for 70%, and at the same time, appropriate fertilizers should be used. When basal fertilizer is used, 1500 kg of organic fertilizer is used per acre, and manure and fertilizer can also be added. When using chemical fertilizers, use less than 20 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per acre and 20 kg of superphosphate. When using fertilizers, pay attention when the temperature is low, and use less when the temperature is high.
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